Running Joomla 1.7 On Nginx (LEMP) On Debian Squeeze/Ubuntu 11.10
Version 1.0
Author: Falko Timme 
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This tutorial shows how you can install and run a Joomla 1.7 web site on a Debian Squeeze or Ubuntu 11.10 system that has nginx installed instead of Apache (LEMP = Linux + nginx (pronounced "engine x") + MySQL + PHP). nginx is a HTTP server that uses much less resources than Apache and delivers pages a lot of faster, especially static files.
I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!
1 Preliminary Note
I want to install Joomla in a vhost called www.example.com/example.com here with the document root /var/www/www.example.com/web.
You should have a working LEMP installation, as shown in these tutorials:
- Installing Nginx With PHP5 And MySQL Support On Debian Squeeze
- Installing Nginx With PHP5 (And PHP-FPM) And MySQL Support On Ubuntu 11.10
A note for Ubuntu users:
Because we must run all the steps from this tutorial with root privileges, we can either prepend all commands in this tutorial with the string sudo, or we become root right now by typing
sudo su
2 Installing APC
APC is a free and open PHP opcode cacher for caching and optimizing PHP intermediate code. It's similar to other PHP opcode cachers, such as eAccelerator and XCache. It is strongly recommended to have one of these installed to speed up your PHP page.
APC can be installed as follows:
apt-get install php-apc
If you use PHP-FPM as your FastCGI daemon (like in Installing Nginx With PHP5 (And PHP-FPM) And MySQL Support On Ubuntu 11.10), restart it as follows:
/etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart
If you use lighttpd's spawn-fcgi program as your FastCGI daemon (like in Installing Nginx With PHP5 And MySQL Support On Debian Squeeze), we must kill the current spawn-fcgi process (running on port 9000) and create a new one. Run
netstat -tap
to find out the PID of the current spawn-fcgi process:
root@server1:~# netstat -tap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 734/portmap
tcp 0 0 *:www *:* LISTEN 2987/nginx
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1531/sshd
tcp 0 0 *:57174 *:* LISTEN 748/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:smtp *:* LISTEN 1507/exim4
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:9000 *:* LISTEN 1542/php5-cgi
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdo:mysql *:* LISTEN 1168/mysqld
tcp 0 52 server1.example.com:ssh 192.168.0.198:2462 ESTABLISHED 1557/0
tcp6 0 0 [::]:www [::]:* LISTEN 2987/nginx
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN 1531/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:smtp [::]:* LISTEN 1507/exim4
root@server1:~#
In the above output, the PID is 1542, so we can kill the current process as follows:
kill -9 1542
Afterwards we create a new spawn-fcgi process:
/usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php5-cgi -P /var/run/fastcgi-php.pid
3 Installing Joomla
The document root of my www.example.com web site is /var/www/www.example.com/web - if it doesn't exist, create it as follows:
mkdir -p /var/www/www.example.com/web
Because Joomla comes as a .zip file, we need to install unzip:
apt-get install unzip
Next we download Joomla from http://www.joomla.org/download.html and place it in our document root:
cd /tmp
mkdir joomla
cd joomla
wget http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/16024/69674/Joomla_1.7.3-Stable-Full_Package.zip
unzip Joomla_1.7.3-Stable-Full_Package.zip
rm -f Joomla_1.7.3-Stable-Full_Package.zip
mv * /var/www/www.example.com/web/
It is recommended to make the document root and the Joomla files in it writable by the nginx daemon which is running as user www-data and group www-data:
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/www.example.com/web
If you haven't already created a MySQL database for Joomla (including a MySQL Joomla user), you can do that as follows (I name the database joomla in this example, and the user is called joomla_admin, and his password is joomla_admin_password):
mysqladmin -u root -p create joomla
mysql -u root -p
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON joomla.* TO 'joomla_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'joomla_admin_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON joomla.* TO 'joomla_admin'@'localhost.localdomain' IDENTIFIED BY 'joomla_admin_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;
Next we create an nginx vhost configuration for our www.example.com vhost in the /etc/nginx/sites-available/ directory as follows:
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com.vhost
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com example.com;
root /var/www/www.example.com/web;
if ($http_host != "www.example.com") {
rewrite ^ http://www.example.com$request_uri permanent;
}
index index.php index.html index.htm default.html default.htm;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# deny running scripts inside writable directories
location ~* /(images|cache|media|logs|tmp)/.*\.(php|pl|py|jsp|asp|sh|cgi)$ {
return 403;
error_page 403 /403_error.html;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store (Mac).
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;
}
# caching of files
location ~* \.(ico|pdf|flv)$ {
expires 1y;
}
location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|swf|xml|txt)$ {
expires 14d;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
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To enable that vhost, we create a symlink to it from the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ directory:
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com.vhost www.example.com.vhost
Reload nginx for the changes to take effect:
/etc/init.d/nginx reload
