The Perfect Server - CentOS 6.5 x86_64 (Apache2, MySQL, PHP, PureFTPD, Postfix, Dovecot and ISPConfig 3) - Page 4
13 Set MySQL Passwords And Configure phpMyAdmin
Set passwords for the MySQL root account:
mysql_secure_installation
[root@server1 tmp]# mysql_secure_installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] <-- ENTER
New password: <-- yourrootsqlpassword
Re-enter new password: <-- yourrootsqlpassword
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <-- ENTER
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <-- ENTER
... Success!
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <-- ENTER
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <-- ENTER
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
[root@server1 tmp]#
Now we configure phpMyAdmin. We change the Apache configuration so that phpMyAdmin allows connections not just from localhost (by commenting out the <Directory "/usr/share/phpmyadmin"> stanza):
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf
CentOS is a inconsistent in the file names that ist packages use, depending on your repository order, it might be that the phpmyadmin configuration file is in camelcase. So if the above vi command results in a empty new file, then use this command instead:
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
# # Web application to manage MySQL # #<Directory "/usr/share/phpmyadmin"> # Order Deny,Allow # Deny from all # Allow from 127.0.0.1 #</Directory> Alias /phpmyadmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin Alias /phpMyAdmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin Alias /mysqladmin /usr/share/phpmyadmin |
Next we change the authentication in phpMyAdmin from cookie to http:
vi /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
[...] /* Authentication type */ $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'http'; [...] |
Then we create the system startup links for Apache and start it:
chkconfig --levels 235 httpd on
/etc/init.d/httpd start
Now you can direct your browser to http://server1.example.com/phpmyadmin/ or http://192.168.0.100/phpmyadmin/ and log in with the user name root and your new root MySQL password.
If you get an error message like this one:
[root@server1 tmp]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for server1.example.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
then your hostname is not resolvable in dns or not set in the /etc/hosts file yet. To fix this issue, run:
echo "192.168.1.100 server1.example.com server1" >> /etc/hosts
replace "server1.example.com" in the above command with your full hostname and "server1" with the sub part of the hostname.
14 Install Amavisd-new, SpamAssassin And ClamAV
To install amavisd-new, spamassassin and clamav, run the following command:
yum -y install amavisd-new spamassassin clamav clamd unzip bzip2 unrar perl-DBD-mysql
Then we start freshclam, amavisd, and clamd.amavisd:
sa-update
chkconfig --levels 235 amavisd on
chkconfig --del clamd
chkconfig --levels 235 clamd.amavisd on
/usr/bin/freshclam
/etc/init.d/amavisd start
/etc/init.d/clamd.amavisd start
15 Installing Apache2 With mod_php, mod_fcgi/PHP5, And suPHP
ISPConfig 3 allows you to use mod_php, mod_fcgi/PHP5, cgi/PHP5, and suPHP on a per website basis.
We can install Apache2with mod_php5, mod_fcgid, and PHP5 as follows:
yum -y install php php-devel php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-mysql php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-pecl-apc php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mssql php-snmp php-soap php-tidy curl curl-devel perl-libwww-perl ImageMagick libxml2 libxml2-devel mod_fcgid php-cli httpd-devel
Next we open /etc/php.ini...
vi /etc/php.ini
... and change the error reporting (so that notices aren't shown any longer) and uncomment cgi.fix_pathinfo=1:
[...] ;error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_DEPRECATED [...] ; cgi.fix_pathinfo provides *real* PATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support for CGI. PHP's ; previous behaviour was to set PATH_TRANSLATED to SCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok ; what PATH_INFO is. For more information on PAppp.tldTH_INFO, see the cgi specs. Setting ; this to 1 will cause PHP CGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec. A setting ; of zero causes PHP to behave as before. Default is 1. You should fix your scripts ; to use SCRIPT_FILENAME rather than PATH_TRANSLATED. ; http://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.cgi.fix-pathinfo cgi.fix_pathinfo=1 [...] |
Next we install suPHP (there is a mod_suphp package available in the repositories, but unfortunately it isn't compatible with ISPConfig, therefore we have to build suPHP ourselves):
cd /tmp
wget http://suphp.org/download/suphp-0.7.1.tar.gz
tar xvfz suphp-0.7.1.tar.gz
cd suphp-0.7.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --with-apr=/usr/bin/apr-1-config --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs --with-apache-user=apache --with-setid-mode=owner --with-php=/usr/bin/php-cgi --with-logfile=/var/log/httpd/suphp_log --enable-SUPHP_USE_USERGROUP=yes
make
make install
Then we add the suPHP module to our Apache configuration...
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/suphp.conf
LoadModule suphp_module modules/mod_suphp.so |
... and create the file /etc/suphp.conf as follows:
vi /etc/suphp.conf
[global] ;Path to logfile logfile=/var/log/httpd/suphp.log ;Loglevel loglevel=info ;User Apache is running as webserver_user=apache ;Path all scripts have to be in docroot=/ ;Path to chroot() to before executing script ;chroot=/mychroot ; Security options allow_file_group_writeable=true allow_file_others_writeable=false allow_directory_group_writeable=true allow_directory_others_writeable=false ;Check wheter script is within DOCUMENT_ROOT check_vhost_docroot=true ;Send minor error messages to browser errors_to_browser=false ;PATH environment variable env_path=/bin:/usr/bin ;Umask to set, specify in octal notation umask=0077 ; Minimum UID min_uid=100 ; Minimum GID min_gid=100 [handlers] ;Handler for php-scripts x-httpd-suphp="php:/usr/bin/php-cgi" ;Handler for CGI-scripts x-suphp-cgi="execute:!self" |
Finally we restart Apache:
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
15.1 Ruby
Starting with version 3.0.3, ISPConfig 3 has built-in support for Ruby. Instead of using CGI/FastCGI, ISPConfig depends on mod_ruby being available in the server's Apache.
For CentOS 6.4, there's no mod_ruby package available, so we must compile it ourselves. First we install some prerequisites:
yum -y install httpd-devel ruby ruby-devel
Next we download and install mod_ruby as follows:
cd /tmp
wget http://fossies.org/unix/www/apache_httpd_modules/mod_ruby-1.3.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf mod_ruby-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd mod_ruby-1.3.0/
./configure.rb --with-apr-includes=/usr/include/apr-1
make
make install
Finally we must add the mod_ruby module to the Apache configuration, so we create the file /etc/httpd/conf.d/ruby.conf...
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/ruby.conf
LoadModule ruby_module modules/mod_ruby.so RubyAddPath /1.8 |
... and restart Apache:
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
(If you leave out the RubyAddPath /1.8 directive, you will see errors like the following ones in Apache's error log when you call Ruby files:
[Thu May 26 02:05:05 2011] [error] mod_ruby: ruby:0:in `require': no such file to load -- apache/ruby-run (LoadError)
[Thu May 26 02:05:05 2011] [error] mod_ruby: failed to require apache/ruby-run
[Thu May 26 02:05:05 2011] [error] mod_ruby: error in ruby
)
15.2 Python
To install mod_python, we simply run...
yum -y install mod_python
... and restart Apache afterwards:
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
15.3 WebDAV
WebDAV should already be enabled, but to check this, open /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and make sure that the following three modules are active:
vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[...] LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so [...] LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so [...] LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so [...] |
If you have to modify /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf, don't forget to restart Apache afterwards:
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
15.4 Additional PHP Versions
Starting with the ISPConfig 3.0.5, it is possible to have multiple PHP versions on one server (selectable through ISPConfig) which can be run through FastCGI and PHP-FPM. The procedure of building additional PHP versions on CentOS is described in this tutorial: How To Use Multiple PHP Versions (PHP-FPM & FastCGI) With ISPConfig 3 (CentOS 6.3)
16 Install PureFTPd
PureFTPd can be installed with the following command:
yum -y install pure-ftpd
Then create the system startup links and start PureFTPd:
chkconfig --levels 235 pure-ftpd on
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd start
Now we configure PureFTPd to allow FTP and TLS sessions. FTP is a very insecure protocol because all passwords and all data are transferred in clear text. By using TLS, the whole communication can be encrypted, thus making FTP much more secure.
OpenSSL is needed by TLS; to install OpenSSL, we simply run:
yum install openssl
Open /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf...
vi /etc/pure-ftpd/pure-ftpd.conf
If you want to allow FTP and TLS sessions, set TLS to 1:
[...] # This option can accept three values : # 0 : disable SSL/TLS encryption layer (default). # 1 : accept both traditional and encrypted sessions. # 2 : refuse connections that don't use SSL/TLS security mechanisms, # including anonymous sessions. # Do _not_ uncomment this blindly. Be sure that : # 1) Your server has been compiled with SSL/TLS support (--with-tls), # 2) A valid certificate is in place, # 3) Only compatible clients will log in. TLS 1 [...] |
In order to use TLS, we must create an SSL certificate. I create it in /etc/ssl/private/, therefore I create that directory first:
mkdir -p /etc/ssl/private/
Afterwards, we can generate the SSL certificate as follows:
openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 7300 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem -out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: <-- Enter your Country Name (e.g., "DE").
State or Province Name (full name) []: <-- Enter your State or Province Name.
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: <-- Enter your City.
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: <-- Enter your Organization Name (e.g., the name of your company).
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: <-- Enter your Organizational Unit Name (e.g. "IT Department").
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: <-- Enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name of the system (e.g. "server1.example.com").
Email Address []: <-- Enter your Email Address.
Change the permissions of the SSL certificate:
chmod 600 /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
Finally restart PureFTPd:
/etc/init.d/pure-ftpd restart
That's it. You can now try to connect using your FTP client; however, you should configure your FTP client to use TLS.
