How to Install Wallabag on Ubuntu 22.04
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Wallabag is a read-it-later kind of service. It allows you to save webpages to read later at your leisure pace. There are lots of services that allow you to do it like Pocket, Instapaper, etc but having a service installed on a server you own is much better. For one, it won't go out of business and take the links down with it.
This tutorial will cover installing and setting up Wallabag on a server running Ubuntu 22.04. It will also cover how to set up Nginx, MySQL, Composer, and PHP which are all required by Wallabag to run.
Prerequisites
-
A server running Ubuntu 22.04.
-
A non-root user with sudo privileges.
-
A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) like
wallabag.example.com. -
Make sure everything is updated.
$ sudo apt update $ sudo apt upgrade
-
Few packages that your system needs.
$ sudo apt install wget curl nano software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release ubuntu-keyring unzip -y
Some of these packages may already be installed on your system.
Step 1 - Configure Firewall
The first step is to configure the firewall. Ubuntu comes with ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) by default.
Check if the firewall is running.
$ sudo ufw status
You should get the following output.
Status: inactive
Allow SSH port so the firewall doesn't break the current connection on enabling it.
$ sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
Allow HTTP and HTTPS ports as well.
$ sudo ufw allow http $ sudo ufw allow https
Enable the Firewall
$ sudo ufw enable Command may disrupt existing ssh connections. Proceed with operation (y|n)? y Firewall is active and enabled on system startup
Check the status of the firewall again.
$ sudo ufw status
You should see a similar output.
Status: active To Action From -- ------ ---- OpenSSH ALLOW Anywhere 80/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 443 ALLOW Anywhere OpenSSH (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 80/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 443 (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
Step 2 - Install PHP and its extensions
Ubuntu 22.04 ships with PHP 8.1.2 version which is a bit outdated. We will install the latest PHP 8.1 version using Ondrej's PHP repository.
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
Next, install PHP and its extensions required by Wallabag.
$ sudo apt install php8.1-fpm php8.1-mysql php8.1-bcmath php8.1-xml php8.1-zip php8.1-curl php8.1-mbstring php8.1-gd php8.1-tidy php8.1-intl php8.1-cli
Verify the installation.
$ php --version
PHP 8.1.16 (cli) (built: Feb 14 2023 18:35:37) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.1.16, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v8.1.16, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
Step 3 - Install Composer
Composer is a dependency management tool for PHP and is required for Wallabag installation.
Run the following commands to download the Composer binary. Wallabag only works with Composer 2.2 LTS so we have modified the command accordingly.
$ php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
$ php composer-setup.php --2.2
$ php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
Install Composer by moving the binary to the /usr/local/bin directory.
$ sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
Verify the installation by checking its version.
$ composer --version Composer version 2.2.21 2023-02-15 13:07:40
Step 4 - Install MySQL
Ubuntu 22.04 ships with the latest version of MySQL. You can install it with a single command.
$ sudo apt install mysql-server
Check the version of MySQL.
$ mysql --version mysql Ver 8.0.32-0ubuntu0.22.04.2 for Linux on x86_64 ((Ubuntu))
This step is necessary for MySQL versions 8.0.28 and above. Enter the MySQL Shell.
$ sudo mysql
Run the following command to set the password for your root user. Make sure it has a mix of numbers, uppercase, lowercase, and special characters.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'YourPassword12!';
Exit the shell.
mysql> exit
Run the MySQL secure install script.
$ sudo mysql_secure_installation
First, you will be asked for your root password. Enter it. Next, you will be asked to install the Validate Password Component. It checks the strength of passwords used in MySQL. Press Y to install it. Next, you will be asked to set the level of the password validation policy. Choose 2 as it is the strongest one.
Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords and improve security. It checks the strength of password and allows the users to set only those passwords which are secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component? Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: Y There are three levels of password validation policy: LOW Length >= 8 MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary file Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG: 2 Using existing password for root. Estimated strength of the password: 100
Next, enter N to refuse to change your root password. Also, enter Y to remove anonymous users, disallow remote root logins, remove the test database, and reload the privilege tables.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y Success. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y - Dropping test database... Success. - Removing privileges on test database... Success. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y Success. All done!
Step 5 - Configure MySQL
Log in to the MySQL shell. Enter your root password when prompted.
$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Create a sample database.
mysql> CREATE DATABASE wallabag;
Create an SQL user account.
mysql> CREATE USER 'wallabaguser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Your_password2';
Grant all privileges on the database to the user.
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wallabag.* TO 'wallabaguser'@'localhost';
Flush user privileges.
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Exit the shell.
mysql> exit
Step 6 - Install Nginx
Ubuntu 22.04 ships with an older version of Nginx. You need to download the official Nginx repository to install the latest version.
Import Nginx's signing key.
$ curl https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key | gpg --dearmor \ | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
Add the repository for Nginx's stable version.
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] \ http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu `lsb_release -cs` nginx" \ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list
Update the system repositories.
$ sudo apt update
Install Nginx.
$ sudo apt install nginx
Verify the installation.
$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
Start the Nginx server.
$ sudo systemctl start nginx
Step 7 - Install SSL
We need to install Certbot to generate the SSL certificate. You can either install Certbot using Ubuntu's repository or grab the latest version using the Snapd tool. We will be using the Snapd version.
Ubuntu 22.04 comes with Snapd installed by default. Run the following commands to ensure that your version of Snapd is up to date.
$ sudo snap install core && sudo snap refresh core
Install Certbot.
$ sudo snap install --classic certbot
Use the following command to ensure that the Certbot command can be run by creating a symbolic link to the /usr/bin directory.
$ sudo ln -s /snap/bin/certbot /usr/bin/certbot
Run the following command to generate an SSL Certificate.
$ sudo certbot certonly --nginx --agree-tos --no-eff-email --staple-ocsp --preferred-challenges http -m [email protected] -d wallabag.example.com
The above command will download a certificate to the /etc/letsencrypt/live/wallabag.example.com directory on your server.
Generate a Diffie-Hellman group certificate.
$ sudo openssl dhparam -dsaparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 4096
Check the Certbot renewal scheduler service.
$ sudo systemctl list-timers
You will find snap.certbot.renew.service as one of the services scheduled to run.
NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES ..... Sun 2023-02-26 06:32:00 UTC 9h left Sat 2023-02-25 18:04:05 UTC 2h 59min ago snap.certbot.renew.timer snap.certbot.renew.service Sun 2023-02-26 06:43:20 UTC 9h left Sat 2023-02-25 10:49:23 UTC 10h ago apt-daily-upgrade.timer apt-daily-upgrade.service Sun 2023-02-26 09:00:06 UTC 11h left Sat 2023-02-25 20:58:06 UTC 5min ago apt-daily.timer apt-daily.service
Do a dry run of the process to check whether the SSL renewal is working fine.
$ sudo certbot renew --dry-run
If you see no errors, you are all set. Your certificate will renew automatically.
Step 8 - Install Wallabag
Create the /var/www/wallabag/html directory.
$ sudo mkdir /var/www/html/wallabag -p
Download the latest version of Wallabag.
$ wget https://wllbg.org/latest-v2-package
Extract the archive.
$ tar xzf latest-v2-package
Move the files from the extracted directory to the directory created earlier. You can check the latest version of the Wallabag from the GitHub releases page. The latest version at the time of writing this tutorial is 2.5.4.
$ sudo mv wallabag-2.5.4/* /var/www/html/wallabag
Create the asset directory.
$ sudo mkdir /var/www/html/wallabag/data/assets
Change the permissions of the /var/www/html/wallabag directory to the currently logged-in user.
$ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/html/wallabag
Switch to the directory.
$ cd /var/www/html/wallabag
Create the parameters.yml file by copying the example file.
$ cp app/config/parameters.yml.dist app/config/parameters.yml
Before we start configuring Wallabag, generate a secret key. Note down the key to be used later.
$ openssl rand -base64 32 QLV/GpZwDobQbyQZQ15FkM1Hvt+ZFJZXw8GW9F4KR3o=
Open the parameters file for editing.
$ nano app/config/parameters.yml
Find the following section and fill in the database credentials. The database port is 3306 for MySQL.
..........
database_driver: pdo_mysql
database_host: 127.0.0.1
database_port: 3306
database_name: wallabag
database_user: wallabaguser
database_password: Your_password2
Fill in the server description and domain name.
domain_name: https://wallabag.example.com
server_name: "Howtoforge Wallabag"
Fill in your SMTP details. In our case, we are using Amazon SES service.
mailer_transport: smtp
mailer_user: YOUR_AES_USERNAME
mailer_password: YOUR_AES_PASSWORD
mailer_host: email-smtp.us-west-2.amazonaws.com
mailer_port: 587
mailer_encryption: tls
Fill in the secret key generated before. If you want to keep two-factor authentication, then make sure the following settings are applied. If you want to turn off user registration, set the value of fouser_registration to false. The fouser_confirmation variable is set to true which means every user registration will need to be confirmed via email. Change the value of the from_email variable to the email id of your choice.
# A secret key that's used to generate certain security-related tokens
secret: QLV/GpZwDobQbyQZQ15FkM1Hvt+ZFJZXw8GW9F4KR3o=
# two factor stuff
twofactor_auth: true
twofactor_sender: [email protected]
# fosuser stuff
fosuser_registration: true
fosuser_confirmation: true
.....
from_email: [email protected]
.....
There are more sentries related to Redis, RabbitMQ, and Sentry settings. You can configure them as per your needs after installing the said packages.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl + X and entering Y when prompted.
Use Composer to download and install the dependencies required by Wallabag.
$ SYMFONY_ENV=prod composer install --no-dev -o --prefer-dist
Finish the installation using Wallabag command-line tool.
$ php bin/console wallabag:install --env=prod
You will be prompted if you want to reset the database and its schema. Enter no as the response both times. Next, you will be asked if you want to create an administrator account. Type yes to proceed and enter the username, password, and email id for the account.
wallabag installer
==================
Step 1 of 4: Checking system requirements.
------------------------------------------
------------------------ -------- ----------------
Checked Status Recommendation
------------------------ -------- ----------------
PDO Driver (pdo_mysql) OK!
Database connection OK!
Database version OK!
curl_exec OK!
curl_multi_init OK!
------------------------ -------- ----------------
[OK] Success! Your system can run wallabag properly.
Step 2 of 4: Setting up database.
---------------------------------
It appears that your database already exists. Would you like to reset it? (yes/no) [no]:
> no
Seems like your database contains schema. Do you want to reset it? (yes/no) [no]:
> no
Clearing the cache...
Database successfully setup.
Step 3 of 4: Administration setup.
----------------------------------
Would you like to create a new admin user (recommended)? (yes/no) [yes]:
> yes
Username [wallabag]:
> navjot
Password [wallabag]:
>
Email [[email protected]]:
> [email protected]
Administration successfully setup.
Step 4 of 4: Config setup.
--------------------------
Config successfully setup.
[OK] wallabag has been successfully installed.
[OK] You can now configure your web server, see https://doc.wallabag.org
Switch back the directory permission to Nginx.
$ sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www/html/wallabag
Step 9 - Configure Nginx and PHP
Configure PHP-FPM
Open the file /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf.
$ sudo nano /etc/php/8.1/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
We need to set the Unix user/group of PHP processes to nginx. Find the user=www-data and group=www-data lines in the file and change them to nginx.
... ; Unix user/group of processes ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group ; will be used. ; RPM: apache user chosen to provide access to the same directories as httpd user = nginx ; RPM: Keep a group allowed to write in log dir. group = nginx ...
Find the listen.owner = www-data and listen.group = www-data lines in the file and change them to nginx.
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write ; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many ; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. The owner ; and group can be specified either by name or by their numeric IDs. ; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user ; mode is set to 0660 listen.owner = nginx listen.group = nginx
Save the file by pressing Ctrl + X and entering Y when prompted.
Increase the execution time for PHP-FPM and PHP-CLI to 60 seconds.
$ sudo sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 60/' /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini $ sudo sed -i 's/max_execution_time = 30/max_execution_time = 60/' /etc/php/8.1/cli/php.ini
Increase the memory limit for PHP-FPM from 128MB to 256MB.
$ sudo sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 256M/' /etc/php/8.1/fpm/php.ini
Restart the PHP-FPM service.
$ sudo systemctl restart php8.1-fpm
Change the group of the PHP sessions directory to Nginx.
$ sudo chgrp -R nginx /var/lib/php/sessions
Configure Nginx
Create and open the file /etc/nginx/conf.d/wallabag.conf for editing.
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/wallabag.conf
Paste the following code in it.
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name wallabag.example.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/wallabag.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/wallabag.error.log;
# SSL
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/wallabag.example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/wallabag.example.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/wallabag.example.com/chain.pem;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_session_cache shared:MozSSL:10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
ssl_ecdh_curve X25519:prime256v1:secp384r1:secp521r1;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;
resolver 8.8.8.8;
root /var/www/html/wallabag/web;
location / {
try_files $uri /app.php$is_args$args;
}
# Pass PHP Scripts To FastCGI Server
location ~ ^/app\.php(/|$) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock; # Depends On The PHP Version
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $realpath_root;
include fastcgi_params;
internal;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
return 404;
}
}
# enforce HTTPS
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name wallabag.example.com;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
Notice the root directory to be used in the Nginx configuration is /var/www/html/wallabag/public/.
Save the file by pressing Ctrl + X and entering Y when prompted once finished.
Open the file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf for editing.
$ sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Add the following line before the line include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;.
server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
Save the file by pressing Ctrl + X and entering Y when prompted.
Verify the Nginx configuration file syntax.
$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Restart the Nginx service.
$ sudo systemctl restart nginx
Step 10 - Access Wallabag
Open the URL https://wallabag.example.com in your browser and you will get the following login screen.
Enter your credentials created during installation and press the LOG IN button to proceed. You will be greeted with the Wallabag dashboard.
Wallabag provides you with a multitude of apps for every browser, mobile, or Ebook reader using which you can add links. And if nothing else fancies you, you can even use a Bookmarklet, the details of which you can access from the How to section by clicking the user icon on the top right of the dashboard.
You will be given links to the browser extensions, mobile apps, and the Wallabag bookmarklet.
That's it. You can start using Wallabag to save articles for reading later.
Conclusion
This concludes our tutorial on installing Wallabag on a Ubuntu 22.04 server. If you have any questions, post them in the comments below.
