Running TYPO3 6.2 On Nginx (LEMP) On Debian Wheezy/Ubuntu 13.10
This tutorial exists for these OS versions
- Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus)
- Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily Werewolf)
- Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander)
On this page
This tutorial shows how you can install and run a TYPO3 (version 6.2) web site on a Debian Wheezy or Ubuntu 13.10 system that has nginx installed instead of Apache (LEMP = Linux + nginx (pronounced "engine x") + MySQL + PHP). nginx is a HTTP server that uses much less resources than Apache and delivers pages a lot of faster, especially static files.
I do not issue any guarantee that this will work for you!
1 Preliminary Note
I want to install TYPO3 in a vhost called www.example.com/example.com here with the document root /var/www/www.example.com/web.
You should have a working LEMP installation.
A note for Ubuntu users:
Because we must run all the steps from this tutorial with root privileges, we can either prepend all commands in this tutorial with the string sudo, or we become root right now by typing
sudo su
2 Installing APC
APC is a free and open PHP opcode cacher for caching and optimizing PHP intermediate code. It's similar to other PHP opcode cachers, such as eAccelerator and XCache. It is strongly recommended to have one of these installed to speed up your PHP page.
APC can be installed as follows:
apt-get install php-apc
If you use PHP-FPM as your FastCGI daemon, restart it as follows:
/etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart
If you use lighttpd's spawn-fcgi program as your FastCGI daemon, we must kill the current spawn-fcgi process (running on port 9000) and create a new one. Run
netstat -tap
to find out the PID of the current spawn-fcgi process:
root@server1:~# netstat -tap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 *:sunrpc *:* LISTEN 734/portmap
tcp 0 0 *:www *:* LISTEN 2987/nginx
tcp 0 0 *:ssh *:* LISTEN 1531/sshd
tcp 0 0 *:57174 *:* LISTEN 748/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:smtp *:* LISTEN 1507/exim4
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:9000 *:* LISTEN 1542/php5-cgi
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdo:mysql *:* LISTEN 1168/mysqld
tcp 0 52 server1.example.com:ssh 192.168.0.198:2462 ESTABLISHED 1557/0
tcp6 0 0 [::]:www [::]:* LISTEN 2987/nginx
tcp6 0 0 [::]:ssh [::]:* LISTEN 1531/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ip6-localhost:smtp [::]:* LISTEN 1507/exim4
root@server1:~#
In the above output, the PID is 1542, so we can kill the current process as follows:
kill -9 1542
Afterwards we create a new spawn-fcgi process:
/usr/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -u www-data -g www-data -f /usr/bin/php5-cgi -P /var/run/fastcgi-php.pid
3 Installing TYPO3
The document root of my www.example.com web site is /var/www/www.example.com/web - if it doesn't exist, create it as follows:
mkdir -p /var/www/www.example.com/web
Next we download TYPO3 6.2 as a .tar.gz file from http://typo3.org/download/ and place it in our document root:
cd /tmp
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/typo3/TYPO3%20Source%20and%20Dummy/TYPO3%206.2.1/typo3_src-6.2.1.tar.gz
tar xvfz typo3_src-6.2.1.tar.gz
cd typo3_src-6.2.1/
mv * /var/www/www.example.com/web/
It is recommended to make the document root and the TYPO3 files in it writable by the nginx daemon which is running as user www-data and group www-data:
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/www.example.com/web
If you haven't already created a MySQL database for TYPO3 (including a MySQL TYPO3 user), you can do that as follows (I name the database typo3 in this example, and the user is called typo3_admin, and his password is typo3_admin_password):
mysqladmin -u root -p create typo3
mysql -u root -p
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON typo3.* TO 'typo3_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'typo3_admin_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON typo3.* TO 'typo3_admin'@'localhost.localdomain' IDENTIFIED BY 'typo3_admin_password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;
Next we create an nginx vhost configuration for our www.example.com vhost in the /etc/nginx/sites-available/ directory as follows:
vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com.vhost
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com example.com;
root /var/www/www.example.com/web;
if ($http_host != "www.example.com") {
rewrite ^ http://www.example.com$request_uri permanent;
}
index index.php index.html;
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Deny all attempts to access hidden files such as .htaccess, .htpasswd, .DS_Store (Mac).
location ~ /\. {
deny all;
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 256 16k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
fastcgi_read_timeout 1200;
}
client_max_body_size 100M;
location ~ /\.(js|css)$ {
expires 604800s;
}
if (!-e $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.+)\.(\d+)\.(php|js|css|png|jpg|gif|gzip)$ /$1.$3 last;
}
location ~* ^/fileadmin/(.*/)?_recycler_/ {
deny all;
}
location ~* ^/fileadmin/templates/.*(\.txt|\.ts)$ {
deny all;
}
location ~* ^/typo3conf/ext/[^/]+/Resources/Private/ {
deny all;
}
location ~* ^/(typo3/|fileadmin/|typo3conf/|typo3temp/|uploads/|favicon\.ico) {
}
location / {
if ($query_string ~ ".+") {
return 405;
}
if ($http_cookie ~ 'nc_staticfilecache|be_typo_user|fe_typo_user' ) {
return 405;
} # pass POST requests to PHP
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD)$ ) {
return 405;
}
if ($http_pragma = 'no-cache') {
return 405;
}
if ($http_cache_control = 'no-cache') {
return 405;
}
error_page 405 = @nocache;
try_files /typo3temp/tx_ncstaticfilecache/$host${request_uri}index.html @nocache;
}
location @nocache {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args;
}
}
|
This configuration already contains everything that is needed for clean URLs (because of the try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$args; line in the @nocache location).
Next make sure you have the following line in /etc/nginx/mime.types:
vi /etc/nginx/mime.types
[...]
text/x-component htc;
[...]
|
To enable the vhost, we create a symlink to it from the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ directory:
cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/www.example.com.vhost www.example.com.vhost
Reload nginx for the changes to take effect:
/etc/init.d/nginx reload
Now we can launch the web-based TYPO3 installer by going to http://www.example.com/ - you will be prompted to create the file FIRST_INSTALL in the document root first so that the installation can proceed:
cd /var/www/www.example.com/web/
touch FIRST_INSTALL
chown www-data:www-data FIRST_INSTALL
Now reload the page. The installer checks if all prerequisites are fulfilled - if you just see the warning that /typo3_src should be a link, you can continue by clicking on I know what I'm doing, continue! - if there are other warnings, you should try to fix them now:
Next fill in the database details (user: typo3_admin; password: typo3_admin_password from when we created the typo3 database) and click on Continue:
On the next page choose Use an existing empty database and pick typo3 from the drop-down menu. Then click on Continue:
Next provide a username and password for the TYPO3 admin user. Click on Continue afterwards:
The installation is now finished. If you want to start with a demo website instead of a completely empty system, leave the Yes, download the list of distributions checkbox checked (this will not install demo data immediately, but just make a demo website available in the backend from where you can choose to install it). Then click on Open the backend:
The admin area can be found under http://www.example.com/typo3/. Log in with the username admin and the password you defined during installation:
Now the list of available demo websites is being downloaded:
If you wish to install one of them, click on the appropriate Install button:
After successful installation, you will see the following screen. You can ignore the RealURL warning:
If you leave the backend, the demo site looks as follows. If you browse it, you will notice that clean URLs work by default:
4 Links
- TYPO3: http://typo3.org/
- nginx: http://nginx.org/
- nginx Wiki: http://wiki.nginx.org/
- Debian: http://www.debian.org/
- Ubuntu: http://www.ubuntu.com/
About The Author
Falko Timme is the owner of 
Timme Hosting (ultra-fast nginx web hosting). He is the lead maintainer of HowtoForge (since 2005) and one of the core developers of ISPConfig (since 2000). He has also contributed to the O'Reilly book "Linux System Administration".
