Learning C/C++ Step-By-Step - Page 12

fopen

Opens the stream filename in the mode mode & if succeeded, Returns a pointer to the newly open stream; or Null other wise.

Syntax

FILE *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode);

E.g.

FILE *fp = fopen("stud.dat", "r");   /*  Read from file  */
FILE *fp = fopen("emp.dat", "w"); /*  Write to file  */
FILE *fp = fopen("emp.dat", "a+");           /*  Read and Write on file */

Mode:
The mode string used in calls to fopen, is one of the following values:

r           Open for reading only
w         Create for writing (If a file by that name already exists, it will be overwritten).
a     Append; open for writing at end of file, or create for
                        writing if the file does not exist.
            r+    Open an existing file for update (reading and writing)
            w+    Create a new file for update (reading and writing).
If a file by that name already exists, it will be overwritten.
            a+    Open for append; open for update at the end of the file, or
                        create if the file does not exist.

To specify that a given file is being opened or created in text mode,
             append "t" to the string (rt, w+t, etc.).
 
To specify binary mode, append "b" to the string (wb, a+b, etc.).

fclose

Closes the file pointed to by fp & returns 0 on success, EOF is returned in case of error

Syntax

Int fclose(FILE *fp);

e.g.

Fclose(fp);  fclose(stud);   fcloseall();

fprintf

Sends formatted output to a stream. Uses the same format specifiers as printf, but sends output to the specified stream. Returns the number of bytes output or EOF in case of error.

Syntax

Fprintf(fptr, “Control String”, list);

E.g

Fprintf(fp, “%d %s %d %d %d”, sno, name, sub1, sub2, sub3);
fprintf(emp, “%d %s %d”, eno, name, sal);

fscanf

This function is used to read a formatted data from a specified file.

Syntax:

Fscanf(fptr, “Control String”, list);

E.g

Fscanf(fp, “%d %s %d %d %d”, &sno, name, &sub1, &sub2, &sub3);
fscanff(emp, “%d %s %d”, &eno, name, &sal);

fwrite

Fwrite appends a specified number of equal-sized data items to an output file.

Syntax:

Size_t fwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n, FILE*stream);
Argument  What It Is/Does
  Ptr       Pointer to any object; the data written begins at ptr
  Size     Length of each item of data
  N          Number of data items to be appended
  stream   Specifies output file
  The total number of bytes written is  (n * size)

fread

Fread retrieves a specified number of equal-sized data items from an input file.

Syntax

Size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n, FILE*stream);
Argument  What It Is/Does
  Ptr      Pointer to any object; the data written begins at ptr
  size     Length of each item of data
  n        Number of data items to be appended
  stream   Specifies output file
 The total number of bytes written is (n * size)

rewind

Repositions file pointer to stream's beginning

Syntax

Void rewind(FILE *stream);
E.g.      fewind(fp);
Rewind(stream) is equivalent to fseek(stream, 0L, SEEK_SET)
except that rewind clears the end-of-file and error indicators, while fseek only clears the end-of-file indicator. After rewind, the next operation on an update file can be either input or output.

fseek

The file pointer for the stream is positioned at offset number of bytes calculated from the position specified by whence. Offset may be zero, negative, or positive. The defined symbols SEEK_CUR, SEEK_SET & SEEK_END are used as whence specifiers to indicate current position. BOF & EOF respectively. Returns 0 if successful or nonzero on failure.

Syntax

Int fssek(FILE *stream, long offset, int whence);

ftell

Returns the current file pointer position on success or Negative value on error.

Syntax

Long ftell(FILE *stream);

feof

It is a macro to return nonzero if end-of-file has been reached on the stream.

Syntax

Int feof(FILE *stream);

eof

Checks whether the position marker in the file given by its handle is at the end-of-file. If yes, returns 0, 1 is returned if position marker is NOT at eof & an error is indicated by setting of errno & return value of –1.

Syntax

Int eof(int handle);

fgets /
 fputs

The function fgets/fputs gets/puts a string(of size n bytes) on the file pointed to by stream and returns end-of-file on error.

Syntax

Char *fgets(char *s, int n, FILE *stream);

fgetc/fputc
Syntax

Reads/writes a character from a stream.
Int fgetc/fputc(FILE *stream);

fgetchar/
fputchar

These are equivalent to the above fgetc/fputc.