Docker is a free and open-source platform to develop, ship, and run applications in the containerized environment. It allows you to separate your application from your infrastructure. This will make it easier, simpler, and safer to build, deploy and manage containers. Docker is designed to set up a local development environment.
If you want to create more than one container for your application you should use Docker compose. Docker-compose is a tool used to define and share multi-container applications. With Docker compose, you can use the YAML file to define all services and run them at once using the simple command.
In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Docker and Docker compose on a Debian 11 system.
Prerequisites
- A server running Debian 11.
- A root password is configured on the server.
Getting Started
First, it is recommended to update your system package cache to the latest version. You can update them using the following command:
apt-get update -y
Once you are done, install other required dependencies using the following command:
apt-get install apt-transport-https software-properties-common ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release -y
Install Docker
By default, the latest version of Docker is not included in the Debian 11 official repository. So you will need to add the Docker CE repository to the APT. You can add it using the following command:
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | apt-key add -
add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
Once the Docker repository is added, update the repository and install the Docker CE with the following command:
apt-get update -y
apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli -y
After the installation, verify the Docker CE version using the following command:
docker version
You should get the following output:
Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 20.10.8 API version: 1.41 Go version: go1.16.6 Git commit: 3967b7d Built: Fri Jul 30 19:54:22 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Experimental: true Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 20.10.8 API version: 1.41 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.16.6 Git commit: 75249d8 Built: Fri Jul 30 19:52:31 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.4.9 GitCommit: e25210fe30a0a703442421b0f60afac609f950a3 runc: Version: 1.0.1 GitCommit: v1.0.1-0-g4144b63 docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0
Manage Docker Services
You can manage the Docker service easily using the systemd utility.
To start a Docker service, run the following command:
systemctl start docker
To restart a Docker service, run the following command:
systemctl restart docker
To stop a Docker service, run the following command:
systemctl stop docker
To enable the Docker service to start at system reboot, run the following command:
systemctl enable docker
To check the Docker status, run the following command:
systemctl status docker
You should see the status of Docker in the following output:
? docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2021-09-10 07:19:35 UTC; 27s ago
TriggeredBy: ? docker.socket
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 29018 (dockerd)
Tasks: 7
Memory: 32.6M
CPU: 407ms
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
??29018 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
Sep 10 07:19:34 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:34.809035575Z" level=info msg="scheme \"unix\" not registered, fallback to def>
Sep 10 07:19:34 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:34.809219999Z" level=info msg="ccResolverWrapper: sending update to cc: {[{uni>
Sep 10 07:19:34 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:34.809410545Z" level=info msg="ClientConn switching balancer to \"pick_first\">
Sep 10 07:19:34 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:34.897972507Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Sep 10 07:19:35 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:35.186940748Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP>
Sep 10 07:19:35 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:35.298681937Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Sep 10 07:19:35 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:35.356364773Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=75249d8 graphdriver(s)=ov>
Sep 10 07:19:35 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:35.357524464Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Sep 10 07:19:35 debian11 systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Sep 10 07:19:35 debian11 dockerd[29018]: time="2021-09-10T07:19:35.401626151Z" level=info msg="API listen on /run/docker.sock"
Run a Container Using Docker
You can use the docker run command to download any image and run it inside the container.
For example, run the following command to download Debian image and run a container:
docker run --rm -it --name test debian:latest /bin/sh
You should get the following output:
Unable to find image 'debian:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/debian 955615a668ce: Pull complete Digest: sha256:08db48d59c0a91afb802ebafc921be3154e200c452e4d0b19634b426b03e0e25 Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:latest #
Run the following command to exit from the Debian container
#exit
Install Docker Compose
By default, Docker compose is not available in the Debian 11 default repository. So you will need to download Docker compose binary from Github.
Run the following command to download the Docker compose binary:
curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/docker/compose/releases/latest | grep browser_download_url | grep docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 | cut -d '"' -f 4 | wget -qi -
Once the download is completed, set the executable permission to the downloaded file and move it to the system path using the following command:
chmod +x docker-compose-Linux-x86_64
mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/bin/docker-compose
Next, verify the Docker compose version using the following command:
docker-compose version
You should see the following output:
docker-compose version 1.29.2, build 5becea4c docker-py version: 5.0.0 CPython version: 3.7.10 OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.1.0l 10 Sep 2019
Docker Compose Commands
To run a Docker compose file, run the following command:
docker-compose up -d
To stop all running containers, run the following command:
docker-compose down
To pause and unpause the running container, run the following command:
docker-compose pause
docker-compose unpause
To list all running containers, run the following command:
docker-compose ps
To check the logs of running services, run the following command:
docker-compose logs
Conclusion
Congratulations! you have successfully installed Docker and Docker Compose on Debian 11. You can now build, ship, and run your application using the Docker and Docker Compose.