Comment out the option skip-networking in the file my.cnf which typically lies under /etc or /etc/mysql. Then restart your MySQL server:

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

or

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

With

netstat -ta

you can check if MySQL is reachable via TCP.

If your MySQL user has a password:

mysql -h localhost -u [MySQL user, e.g. root] -p[database password] [name of the database] < [name of your sql dump, e.g. sqldump.sql]

Please note:  there's no space between -p and the password!

If there's no password:

mysql -h localhost -u [MySQL user, e.g. root] [name of the database] < [name of your sql dump, e.g. sqldump.sql]

If your MySQL user has a password:

mysqldump -h localhost -u [MySQL user, e.g. root] -p[database password] -c --add-drop-table --add-locks --all --quick --lock-tables [name of the database] > sqldump.sql

Please note:  there's no space between -p and the password!

If there's no password:

mysqldump -h localhost -u [MySQL user, e.g. root] -c --add-drop-table --add-locks --all --quick --lock-tables [name of the database] > sqldump.sql

To resolve a domain name on the shell, you can use the command dig. Resolving the domain example.com:

dig example.com

If thedomain can be resolved, the result will be similar to this:

;  DiG 9.2.1  howtoforge.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42946
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;example.com. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
example.com. 84600 IN A 192.168.0.1

;; Query time: 27 msec
;; SERVER: 212.227.21.251#53(212.227.21.251)
;; WHEN: Wed Oct 26 18:53:32 2005
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 48

To check if the local webserver is responsible for this domain use the following command:

You do it like this:

openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:yourpassword -out /path/to/your/key_file 1024

openssl req -new -passin pass:yourpassword -passout pass:yourpassword -key /path/to/your/key_file -out /path/to/your/csr_file -days 365

openssl req -x509 -passin pass:yourpassword -passout pass:yourpassword -key /path/to/your/key_file -in /path/to/your/csr_file -out /path/to/your/crt_file -days 365

openssl rsa -passin pass:yourpassword -in /path/to/your/key_file -out /path/to/your/key_file2

chmod 400 /path/to/your/key_file2

To start the X server from a text mode session, execute the command:

startx

You can use ping to see if the system is alive:

ping -c4 <system's IP address>

To see if a certain service is still alive, use the telnet command:

telnet <system's IP address> 25 (for SMTP)

telnet <system's IP address> 80 (for HTTP)

telnet <system's IP address> 110 (for POP3)

You can login to the system using SSH (port 22) (use PuTTY if you are on a Windows PC; PuTTY is an SSH client for Windows), and when you are on the system, you have a few useful tools to gather more information:

Either with chkrootkit or with rkhunter.

chkrootkit

Either install the package that comes with your distribution (on Debian you would run

apt-get install chkrootkit

), or download the sources from www.chkrootkit.org and install manually:

wget --passive-ftp ftp://ftp.pangeia.com.br/pub/seg/pac/chkrootkit.tar.gz
tar xvfz chkrootkit.tar.gz
cd chkrootkit-<version>/
make sense

Afterwards, you can move the chkrootkit directory somewhere else, e.g. /usr/local/chkrootkit:

repquota -avug

shows a list for both users and groups.

repquota -au

shows a list for users,

repquota -ag

a list for groups.

First, you have to enable quota on your system. Have a look at the quota section of the appropriate "Perfect Setup" tutorial for your distribution on HowtoForge.

After you've enabled quota on your system:

To set quotas for a user or group, use the setquota command (see

man setquota

for more information), e.g.:

setquota -g $group $blocks $blocks 0 0 -a
setquota -u $username $blocks $blocks 0 0 -a

Replace $group, $username and $blocks. Note: $blocks is the quota size in MB * 1024! To deactivate quotas for a user or group, run these commands and set $blocks to 0.